Carabid beetles are emblematic species in ecology because they are often used as indicators of biodiversity and they have important functional roles, particularly predation.
#PITFALL TRAP RS DRIVERS#
Habitat degradation and climate change are main drivers of insect species loss worldwide, raising concern about natural forest replacement by tree monocultures in a context of more frequent disturbances like drought. Based on our results, an optimized trap design for collecting scorpions is proposed, namely a funnel trap with an opening diameter of ca. However, using funnels is recommended because it can reduce the number of unwanted bycatch samples. It is also noted that larger traps catch more scorpions, and the use of funnels does not significantly affect the number of scorpions caught. In addition, most scorpions were captured with covered traps, which can be explained by the cryptic lifestyle of scorpions, which tend to use spaces under rocks and other objects for shelter or to search for their prey. The results indicate that pitfall traps are most productive for capturing burrowing scorpions. A total of 64 traps were tested in an arid plain in Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran, during winter and spring over a 24-day period, and a total of 772 scorpions were trapped. We examined the impact of trap diameter, trap cover, and use of funnels, and designed eight different trap types by combining these factors. Our work is the first study to evaluate the capture efficiency of different pitfall traps for collecting scorpions. Pitfall trapping is one of the widely used methods in ecological studies to assess epigean arthropods’ diversity and density. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. We did not detect a decline in negligent reporting over time ≥1 key methodological detail was missing from >50% of studies regardless of the decade published. Studies published in wildlife journals tended to use pitfall traps of larger diameters than studies published in other disciplines these studies also had worse rates of methodological reporting than those in entomology journals. We found only minor differences in the pitfall-trap methods most commonly used in different vegetation communities (e.g., preservative was used less frequently for pitfall trap studies in grasslands). Pitfall-trap methods varied greatly across the time period.
We documented the pitfall-trap methods of 257 studies published between January 1994 and March 2016 in 107 scientific journals. We conducted a literature review to identify the most common methods used by past investigators who placed pitfall traps for the purpose of quantifying indices of arthropod abundances, and used this information to guide our proposal for standardized pitfall trapping methods.
Such variation and lack of standardization limits scientists’ abilities to compare their results with others. Pitfall trap methodologies and designs vary considerably among studies and investigators. Pitfall traps are commonly used in diet studies for insectivorous and omnivorous wildlife.
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